Mechanism of gigantol in transmembrane transport in human lens epithelial cells / 中国中药杂志

Gigantol is a phenolic component of precious Chinese medicine Dendrobii Caulis, which has many pharmacological activities such as prevent tumor and diabetic cataract. This paper aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of gigantol in transmembrane transport in human lens epithelial cells(HLECs). Immortalized HLECs were cultured in vitro and inoculated in the laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) medium at 5 000 cells/mL. The fluorescence distribution and intensity of gigantol marked by fluorescence in HLECs were observed by LSCM, and the absorption and distribution of gigantol were expressed as fluorescence intensity. The transmembrane transport process of gigantol in HLECs were monitored. The effects of time, temperature, concentration, transport inhibitors, and different cell lines on the transmembrane absorption and transport of gigantol were compared. HLECs were inoculated on climbing plates of 6-well culture plates, and the ultrastructure of HLECs was detected by atomic force microscopy(AFM) during the transmembrane absorption of non-fluorescent labeled gigantol. The results showed that the transmembrane absorption of gigantol was in time and concentration-dependent manners, which was also able to specifically target HLECs. Energy and carrier transport inhibitors reduced gigantol absorption by HLECs. During transmembrane process of gigantol, the membrane surface of HLECs became rougher and presented different degrees of pits, indicating that the transmembrane transport of gigantol was achieved by active absorption of energy and carrier-mediated endocytosis.

Ganoderic acid A protects lens epithelial cells from UVB irradiation and delays lens opacity / 中国天然药物

A contributory role of oxidative stress and protection by antioxidant nutrients have been suspected in cataract formation. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), an effective lanostane triterpene, is widely reported as an antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of GAA on cataract formation. After lens epithelial cells (LECs) were exposed to UVB radiation for different periods, cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were monitored. We found that cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and SOD activity were increased, while Cleaved caspase-3 levels and MDA activity were decreased compared with those in UVB-impaired LECs after GAA treated. Furthermore, GAA activated PI3K/AKT in UVB-impaired LECs and effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GAA exhibited protective functions in SRA01/04 cells and rat lenses against UVB-evoked impairment through elevating cell viability and antioxidant activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and delaying lens opacity.

Connaissances et attitudes relatives à la cataracte dans une population rurale au Mali

But. Évaluer les connaissances et les attitudes dans une population rurale au Mali en ce qui concerne la cataracte. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive pendant une période de 10 jours au cours d'une campagne de soins ophtalmologiques dans la localité de Baguinéda, commune rurale située à 30 km de Bamako (Mali). Etaient inclus, les personnes âgées de 16 ans et plus. Les questions relatives aux connaissances et aux attitudes vis-à-vis de la cataracte leur étaient posées. Les connaissances et les attitudes devant une cataracte ont été corrélées aux paramètres comme l'âge, le sexe, la profession et le niveau d'instruction. Résultats. Au total, 552 personnes ont participé à l'étude. Leur âge moyen était de 46,1 ans ± 16,5 et le sex-ratio Homme/Femme de 1,38. Près de la moitié (45,65%) était sans emploi et la majorité (62,7%) analphabète. Dans 83,7 % de cas, les patients avaient des connaissances justes sur la cataracte. Vingt-quatre (4,3%) patients savent que le traitement est chirurgical et 242 (43,8%) pensent que le traitement est traditionnel. L'âge, le sexe et le niveau d'instruction étaient significativement liés à la connaissance de la cataracte. Conclusion. la connaissance de la cataracte dans la localité de Baguineda, en milieu rural au Mali est satisfaisante tandis que les attitudes sur sa prise en charge restent insatisfaisantes. Les stratégies de sensibilisation sont indispensables afin de réduire le taux de cécité au sein de ces populations défavorisées

Evaluation of efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness of community projects of visual health in the population of the amazon riversides / Avaliação da eficácia, eficiência e efetividade dos projetos comunitários de saúde visual na população Ribeirinha Amazônica

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of eye diseases in the Amazon region and evaluate the efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness of community projects of visual health in underserved communities. METHODS: Retrospective, observational and ecological study, which covers the underserved communities of the Brazilian Amazon by the Amazon Project Vision 2000. The data were retrieved from a total sample of 1,276 patients. A questionnaire was applied to patients with 22 questions divided into general and health data. All patients were submitted to a complete eye examination. All project data were stored in a database for later evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 1,276 patients evaluated, 65% were female, 51.9% said they had never had an eye examination and 91% believed to have some visual problem. Emmetropia was detected in 3.8% and 47.2% had presbyopia. Cataract (16.2%) and pterygium (23.6%) were the prevalent diseases. During the project, cataract surgeries were performed in 27.6% and pterygium in 6.9% of patients. When asked why they had not operated before, 24.1% said they had no financial conditions and 55.2% because there was no specialized doctor nearby. CONCLUSION: Refractive errors, pterygium and cataract were the most common ocular findings in the population evaluated. The Amazon Project Vision 2000 provided the equipment and resources for the activities proposed, reaching the pre-defined goal.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de doenças oculares na região amazônica e avaliar a eficácia, eficiência e efetividade dos projetos comunitários de saúde visual em comunidades carentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional e ecológico, que abrange as comunidades carentes da Amazônia brasileira pelo Projeto Amazônia Visão de 2000. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de uma amostra completa de 1276 pacientes. Um questionário foi aplicado aos pacientes com 22 questões divididas em dados gerais e de saúde. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo. Todos os dados de projeto armazenados em um banco de dados foram para posterior avaliação. RESULTADOS: Dos 1276 pacientes avaliados, 65.0% eram do sexo feminino, 51,9% disseram que nunca tinham feito exame de vista e 91.0% acreditavam ter algum problema visual. Emetropia foi detectada em 3,8%; 47,2% tinham presbiopia. A Catarata (16,2%) e o pterígio (23,6%) foram as doenças prevalentes. Durante o projeto, cirurgias de catarata e pterígio foram realizadas em 27,6% e 6,9% da população estudada, respectivamente. Quando indagados sobre o porque de não haverem sido operados antes, 24,1% disseram que não tinham condições financeiras e 55,2% Porque não havia médico especializado nas proximidades. CONCLUSÃO: Erros de refração, pterigyum e catarata foram os achados mais comuns na população avaliada. O Projeto Amazônia Visão 2000 forneceu equipamento e recursos para as atividades propostas, atingindo a meta pré-definida.

Analyses of cataract surgery performed by the Unified Health System in Brazil, 2006-2007 / Análisis de las intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas efectuadas en el Sistema Único de Salud del Brasil en el 2006 y el 2007

OBJECTIVE: Estimate cataract surgical rates (CSR) for Brazil and each federal unit in 2006 and 2007 based on the number of surgeries performed by the Unified Health System to help plan a comprehensive ophthalmology network in order to eliminate cataract blindness in compliance with the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 3 000 cataract surgeries per million inhabitants per year. METHODS: This descriptive study calculates CSR by using the number of cataract surgeries carried out by the Brazilian Unified Health System for each federal unit and estimates the need for cataract surgery in Brazil for 2006-2007, with official population data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The number of cataract surgeries was compared with the WHO target. RESULTS: To reach the WHO goal for eliminating age-related cataract blindness in Brazil, 560312 cataract surgeries in 2006 and 568 006 surgeries in 2007 needed to be done. In 2006, 179121 cataract surgeries were done by the Unified Health System, corresponding to a CSR of 959 per million population; in 2007, 223317 were performed, with a CSR of 1179. With the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology estimation of 165 000 surgeries each year by the non-public services, the CSR for Brazil would be 1842 for 2006 and 2051 for 2007. The proportions needed to achieve the proposed target were 38.6 percent in 2006 and 31.6 percent in 2007. CONCLUSIONS: Human resources, technical expertise, and equipment are crucial to reach the WHO goal. Brazil has enough ophthalmologists but needs improved planning and infrastructure in order to eliminate the problem, aspects that require greater financial investment and stronger political commitment.

OBJETIVO: Calcular las tasas de cirugía de cataratas (TCC) correspondientes al 2006 y el 2007 en todo el Brasil y en cada estado según la cantidad de intervenciones efectuadas en el Sistema Único de Salud, con el objeto de planificar una red integral de atención oftalmológica tendiente a eliminar la ceguera por cataratas, en cumplimiento de la meta fijada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), de 3 000 intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas por millón de habitantes por año. MÉTODOS: En este estudio descriptivo se calculó la TCC según la cantidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas llevadas a cabo en el Sistema Único de Salud del Brasil en cada estado, y se calculó la necesidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas en el Brasil en el 2006 y el 2007 según los datos oficiales de la población proporcionados por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. Se comparó la cantidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas con la meta de la OMS. RESULTADOS: Para alcanzar la meta de la OMS de eliminar la ceguera producida por cataratas seniles en el Brasil, deberían haberse efectuado 560 312 intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas en el 2006, y 568006 en el 2007. En el 2006, se efectuaron 179 121 intervenciones quirúrgicas de cataratas en el Sistema Único de Salud, lo que representa una TCC de 959 por millón de habitantes; en el 2007, se realizaron 223317, con una TCC de 1179. Si estos datos se consideran junto con la estimación del Consejo Brasileño de Oftalmología de 165000 intervenciones quirúrgicas efectuadas cada año en los servicios no públicos, la TCC correspondiente al Brasil sería de 1842 para el 2006 y de 2 051 para el 2007. Las proporciones faltantes para lograr la meta propuesta fueron de 38,6 por ciento en el 2006 y de 31,6 por ciento en el 2007. CONCLUSIONES: Los recursos humanos, los conocimientos técnicos especializados y el equipo son esenciales para alcanzar la meta de la OMS. Brasil tiene suficientes oftalmólogos pero, para eliminar el problema, necesita una mejor planificación y más infraestructura, aspectos que requieren una mayor inversión financiera y un compromiso político más firme.

Guía técnica: Guía de práctica clínica para tamizaje, detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de catarata (Resolución Ministerial Nº 537-2009/MINSA) / Technical Guidance: Clinical practice guidelines for screening, detection, diagnosis and treatment of cataract (Ministerial Resolution No. 537-2009/MINSA)

La presente guía técnica, se constituye en un instrumento técnico que permite ordenar sistemáticamente las distintas actividades involucradas en este proceso a favor de los pacientes con ceguera por cataratas, según su grado de complejidad, estableciendo además las sinergias necesarias en el sistema de salud; dentro del marco de la atención integral y del aseguramiento universal

Targeting CYP450 modulation to decrease the risk of induced cataract in the experimental model.

Background: Diabetes is one of the major causes of cataract. Some drugs prescribed for the treatment of diabetes are the modulators of CYP450, which may alter the risk of cataract. Objective: To study the effect of CYP450 modulation in galactosemic cataract. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley suckling rats were allotted to four groups (n = 6), as follows: Group 1: Normal control, Group 2: Galactose control, Group 3: CYP450 inhibitor pretreated and Group 4: CYP450 inducer pretreated. Cataract was induced in animals of all groups except group 1 by feeding them galactose (50%), 21 days after parturition. From the eighteenth day of life, CYP450 inhibitor (nifedipine; 8.1 mg/kg) and CYP450 inducer (pioglitazone; 3.8 mg/kg) were given orally to groups 3 and 4, respectively. The maturation pattern of the cataract was observed by an operating microscope, every third day. Biochemical changes in the lenses of all groups, for example, CYP450 activity expressed as µM NADPH oxidized / unit time, alterations in the levels of total proteins, soluble proteins, and reduced glutathione (GSH) following the induction of cataract, were estimated. Results: The microscopic examination of the lenses indicated that CYP450 inhibitor pre-treatment delayed (fourteenth day) the occurrence of cataract, while CYP450 inducer pretreatment demonstrated an early (ninth day) cataract as compared to galactose control rats (twelfth day). A significant decrease and increase in CYP450 activity was observed with the CYP450 inhibitor and inducer pre-treatment, respectively. There was no alteration in the GSH level, but a significant increase in total and soluble protein was found in groups 3 and 4 as compared to group 2. Conclusion: CYP450 may have a role in the initiation of cataract without any effect on the maturation pattern, as revealed by the delayed occurrence of cataract with the CYP450 inhibitor and an early onset of cataract with the CYP450 inducer.

Preventive effect of onion juice on selenite-induced experimental cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of onion juice on sodium-selenite induced cataract formation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two 10-day-old Wistar-albino rat pups were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 received only subcutaneous saline injection. In Group 2, sodium-selenite (30 nmol / g body weight) was injected subcutaneously. In Group 3, subcutaneous sodium-selenite was injected and one drop 50% diluted fresh juice of crude onion was instilled every 8 h into the right eye for 14 days; the left eye received no treatment. Group 4 rats were similar to those of Group 3, the only difference being that of undiluted fresh juice of crude onion. The development of cataract was assessed. Rat lenses were analyzed for total antioxidant (TA) level, and for activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: Both eyes of all rats in Group 1 did not exhibit cataract formation . In Group 2, all rats developed Grade 3 cataract in the lenses of both eyes. The difference in exhibited cataract in the lens of the right eyes in all rats between Group 2 and any eyes of groups 3 or 4 were significant ( P = 0.001). The mean TA level and mean activities of SOD and GPX in Group 2 rat lenses were significantly lower than the values in lenses of all rats in Group 1 ( P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.001), and in the lenses of the right eyes of rats in Groups 3 and 4 ( P = 0.001, 0.020, 0.001). Conclusion: Instillation of onion juice into the rat eyes can effectively prevent selenite-induced cataract formation. This effect was associated with increased TA level, SOD and GPX activities in the lens.

Advances in pharmacological strategies for the prevention of cataract development.

Cataractous-opacification of the lens is one of the leading causes of blindness in India. The situation can be managed by surgical removal of the cataractous lens. Various pharmacological strategies have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of cataract. Information on possible benefits of putative anticataract agents comes from a variety of approaches, ranging from laboratory experiments, both in vitro and in vivo , to epidemiological studies in patients. This review deals with the various mechanisms, and possible pharmacological interventions for the prevention of cataract. The article also reviews research on potential anticataractous agents, including aldose reductase inhibitors, glutathione boosters, antiglycating agents, vitamins and various drugs from indigenous sources.

Protective effects of melatonin as an eye drops against selenite-induced cataract in rat pups

The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible role of melatonin, when administered as an eye drops, in the selenite-induced cataractogenesis in rat pups. Sixty Wistar albino rats [13 days old] were allocated into three groups [20 animals each]. group A injected subcutaneously with normal saline and received no other treatment served as control; group B injected with [40 micro mol/g body weight] sodium selenite subcutaneously, and treated with 1 drop of melatonin eye drops, specially formulated for this purpose, twice daily for 30 days; group C injected with sodium selenite as in group B, but treated with single drop of normal saline, twice daily for 30 days. The stage of cataract development was examined with slit-lamp photographs. Alter 30 days the pups were sacrificed and their eyeballs enucleated for histological examination. The results demonstrated that melatonin eye drops decreased the nuclear cataract formation after 15 and 21 days of treatment, compared to saline treated group. Histological evaluations of enucleated lenses revealed that treatment with melatonin drops clearly indicated recovery of the lenticular tissues and retained their ordinary shape. These findings demonstrate that melatonin when administered as an eye drops protects the lens of rat pups against selenite-induced cataract

effect of nutririon and supplements on ocular health

Nutrition is a subject of interest in many fields of medicine. So ophthalmologists have also attempted to find possible ways to preserve vision through diet and supplements. Ocular disorders such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the world, so most of the studies have focused on these major disorders and nutritions containing antioxidant such as vitamin C and E. Zexanthin/luteins and omega 3 have been the main substances studied in this relation. Although benefits of the regimens with high amounts of antioxidants were observed in reducing progression of cataract, agerelated macular degeneration and so on, as many of these studies have been observational, the cause and effect relationship cannot be definitely concluded and multiple cohort prospective studies will be desired to evaluate the exact role of nutrition. Somehow, a healthy diet which means the diet which increases our health can be achieved in regimens with low saturated fatty acids and rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and fish. On the whole, even though they may not affect disease progression, they are generally good for overall health

effect of silybum marianum [L] Gaertn. seed extract [Silymarin] on galactose induced cataract formation in rats

Increased oxygen free radical and reduced glutathione level in the eye lens are important risk factor for cataract formation. The antioxidative property and increasing cellular and extra cellular glutathione level have been reported by several herbal medicines including silymarin. In present interventional study Silybum marianum L. seed extract [silymarin] was tested against galactose-induced cataract development in rats. Thirty male 45 days old wistar rats [150-200 g], were divided in three groups of 10 rats each. Cataract was induced in two groups of rats following feeding them with 30% galactose diet for 40 days. One group kept as control and silymarin in the dose of 200 mg/kg/d was administered orally [mixed with galactose diet] to other group for 40 days. Cataract development in the rats lens was observed daily by ophthalmoscope and naked eye during the study. The glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxides [LPO] levels were determined after 20 days in all rats left eye lens. The results indicated that, in silymarin treated group all stage of cataract development were significantly delayed as compared to control group. In rats treated with silymarin the lens GSH level was increased significantly [P < 0.01] and LPO levels was decreased significantly as compared to control group [P < 0.05]. Administration of silymarin to galactose fed rats showed beneficial effect on prevention of cataract development as well as antioxidative defence system such as increase in lens GSH and decrease LPO levels

Prevention of selenite-induced cataract by L-cysteine and vitamin C in rats

Development of a drug which could prevent or delay the onset or progression of cataract will help to reduce the number of people getting blind due to cataract worldwide. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and biochemical changes of the crystalline lens and gel-electrophoresis of water soluble proteins in a selenite- induced cataract and to assess the preventive role of L-Cysteine and vitamin C in rat as an animal model. Cataracts were induced in rats by administration of sodium selenite. In control group, saline was injected subcutaneously [SC]. In experimental groups [groups 2-5], sodium selenite [20 micro mol/kg] was injected SC. Rats in group 3 received SC injections of 0.1 ml of vitamin C [0.3 mM], in group 4 received SC injection of 0.1 ml of L-cysteine [0.05 micro mol] and those in group 5 received SC injection of 0.1 ml of L-cysteine [0.1 micro mol]. The development of cataract was assessed clinically. Then, the lenses were checked for total and soluble protein concentrations and eletrophoretic pattern [SDS-PAGE]. Sodium selenite could induce cataract and cause biochemical and eletrophoretic changes in the lens. L-cysteine and vitamin C were highly effective in preventing or minimizing selenite-induced cataract and in maintaining near-normal total protein and soluble protein concentrations of the lens. These reagents were also effective in restoring the near normal pattern of lens proteins in SDS-PAGE. L-cystein was more effective than vitamin C in prevention of cataract but the difference was not statistically significant. Our results showed that cataractous and biochemical changes of the crystalline lens proteins due to selenite can be minimized or prevented by L-cysteine and vitamin C

Effect of electroacupuncture to prevent selenite-induced cataract in Wistar rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da eletro-acupuntura na prevenção da catarata induzida por selenito de sódio em modelo experimental. MÉTODO: Cinqüenta filhotes de ratos Wistar foram randomizados em 5 grupos: no Grupo 1 (Controle, n=10) nenhum procedimento foi realizado. Grupo 2 (Selenito, n=10), selenito de sódio (30 µmoles/kg) foi injetado por via subcutânea no décimo dia de vida. No Grupo 3 (Anestesia, n=10), filhotes receberam a mesma dose de selenito e sofreram anestesia inalatória com éter etílico durante 10 minutos diariamente por 1 semana. Grupo 4 (eletro-acupuntura, n=10), os animais sofreram os mesmos procedimentos do Grupo 3, porém também receberam eletro-acupuntura (2 Hz, 50 mA) aplicada nos pontos Neiguan (PC 6) e Guangming (GB37) durante o período de anestesia. Grupo 5 (Sham, n=10), os ratos foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos que o Grupo 4, porém as agulhas foram aplicadas em pontos falsos. O desenvolvimento da catarata foi avaliado após uma semana por lâmpada de fenda. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais controles (Grupo 1) não desenvolveram catarata. Todos os ratos dos grupos 2, 3 e 5 desenvolveram catarata grave. No Grupo 4 (eletro-acupuntura), 45% dos olhos não desenvolveram catarata e trinta por cento desenvolveram catarata menos grave que aos Grupos 2, 3 e 5. A diferença entre os grupos foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). A média do grau de opacificação do cristalino nos Grupos 1 e 4 foi mais baixo que nos Grupos 2, 3 e 5 (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Eletro-acupuntura diminuiu a taxa de formação de catarata induzida por selenito em filhotes de ratos quando as agulhas foram aplicadas em pontos de acupuntura específicos.

The Effect of Capsular Tension Ring on Posterior Capsular Opacity in Cataract Surgery

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the capsular tension ring on posterior capsular opacity in comparison with cases undergoing intraocular lens (IOL) implantation alone. We analyzed 127 eyes which had undergone cataract surgery, including capsular tension ring insertion, along with 127 eyes which had undergone IOL implantation alone by the same surgeon from September 1998 to March 2003. In the insertion group, 41 eyes (group A) had been followed up for more than one year after silicone IOL implantation, as had 40 eyes (group B) in the control group. We compared the incidence, type, and degree of capsular opacity between A and B groups and also endothelial cell loss after surgery between the two groups. For insertion group A, the frequency of posterior capsular opacity was lower (7.3%), the duration to development was longer, and the energy required for Nd-Yag capsulotomy of PCO was less than for control group B (25%) (p=0.037). The endothelial cell count loss rate was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.522). The capsular tension ring is associated with a significantly reduced incidence of posterior capsular opacity and is a safe procedure.

Avaliação do mutirão nacional de catarata senil na organização dos serviços oftalmológicos: análise comparativa das ações de cirurgias eletivas de catarata, desenvolvidas nos serviços de saúde, do SUS, no período de 1998 a 2001 / Appraisal of the national bee effort of senile cataract in the organiza tion of the ophthalmic services: comparative analysis of the selective cataract surgery activities, developed in the health services between 1998 and 2001

INTRODUÇÃO: A principal questão deste trabalho esta centrada em como reduzir a demanda reprimida se não aumentar a capacidade instalada existente? Diante deste quadro a análise segue no intuito de avaliar se era perti- nente o desenvolvimento de uma Campanha, digo, mutirão como uma estratégia para superar esta questãoOBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a estratégia de organização dos serviços de oftalmologia no SUS a partir da implantação do mutirão de cirurgia de catarata pelo Ministério da Saúde. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Para tal foi necessário à análise comparativa dos dados de produção de cirurgias de catarata e dos dados de gastos, no período de 1998 a 2001, avaliação da produção de cirurgias á nível ambulatorial e hos pitalar, a compa- ração do nº de serviços cadastrados no SUS, sua distribuição geográfica neste mesmo período. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi uma resenha exploratória, baseada numa revisão bibliográfica e análise comparativa da produção dos serviços de saúde com base nos dados já citados. RESULTADOS: Apesar do mutirão de catarata ter sido implantado pelo Ministério da Saúde como um programa naci- onal e verticalizado, ou seja, sua viabilidade/legitimidade não foi discutida com os gestores que seriam responsáveis pela execução do programa, porém seus resultados, no que diz respeito ao nº de pessoas atendidas e que deixaram de ficar cegas, comprovaram sua eficácia uma vez que a demanda reprimida foi de fato reduzida em quase toda sua totalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Diante dos dados descritos pôde-se concluir que de fato o mutirão atingiu o objetivo ao qual se propôs – reduzir a demanda reprimida e conseqüentemente o tempo na fila de espera. Mesmo que isto não tenha acontecido igualmente em todos os municípios do país, no entanto os grandes centros urbanos conseguiram desafogar a fila e iniciar novos atendimentos.

INTRODUCTION: The main question of this work is directed at how to reduce the repressed demand if the present installed capacity is not increased? Facing this situation the analysis proceeds aiming to appraise if it were valid the development of a Campaign or, let me say, a bee action as a strategy to overcome this point. OBJECTIVE: This essay aims to analyze the organization strategy of the ophthalmic services in the Unified National Health System of the Brazil - SUS starting with the implantation of the bee effort of cataract surgery by the Ministry of Health. For such work it was necessary the comparative analysis of the cataract surgery production data and of the expenditure data between 1998 and 2001, the appraisal of the surgery production at ambulatory and hospital levels, the comparison of the number of services registered in the SUS, its geographical distribution in the same period. The methodology used in the development of this work was na exploratory summary, based on a bibliographic revision and a comparative analysis of the health services production, based on data already mentioned. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Though the cataract bee action had been implanted as a national program and verticalized, that is, its viability/legitimacy was not discussed with the managers who would be responsible for the execution of the program, its results, as far as the number of persons attended and who would not become blind, proved its efficacy , since the repressed demand was in fact reduced in almost its totality. According with the described data, one can conclude that the bee action really reached the objective it proposed to to reduce the repressed demand and, as a result, the waiting time in queues. CONCLUSION: Even though this may not have happened in all cities of the country, the mais urban centers succeeded in uncluttering the queues and to begin new attendances.

The effect of the haptic portion of intraocular lens on the development of posterior capsular opacification in rabbit

Using a white rabbit model, the effect of the haptic portion of the intraocular lens (IOL) and intracapsular ring on the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with phacoemulsification was studied. Implantation of both the intracapsular ring and IOL developed less PCO than implantation of the IOL alone. ECCE followed by implantation of the intracapsular ring alone also developed less PCO than ECCE alone. Through this experimental work in a rabbit model, it could be conceived that the haptic portion of IOL and the intracapsular ring can prevent the development of PCO.